10 KOMPUTER TERCEPAT DI DUNIA

10 KOMPUTER TERCEPAT DI PLANET BUMI



Mare Nostrum Supercomputer


Inilah salahsatu lambang
keunggulan bangsa-bangsa termaju di dunia. Mesin-mesin masa depan. Mesin-mesin paling powerful di dunia yang mampu melakukan kalkulasi-kalkulasi paling kompleks, hanya dalam sekejap mata.

Dari memonitor kesiapan dan ketahanan senjata-senjata nuklir Amerika, meramalkan cuaca dan gempa bumi dengan presisi tinggi, memetakan genome manusia yang sangat kompleks, dan tentu saja mempercepat akselerasi pengembangan teknologi-teknologi potensial terbaru.

Seberapa cepat kecepatan mesin-mesin ini? Superkomputer tercepat di dunia sekarang berada di Laboratorium raksasa Los Alamos New Mexico, Amerika, dibuat oleh perusahaan IBM, dan dinamakan ”Roadrunner”. Kecepatannya telah menembus 1 Petaflop pada 25 Mei 2008.

1 Petaflops, bukan 1 juta kalkulasi per detik, bukan 1 milyar kalkulasi per detik, dan, bukan 1 trilyun kalkulasi per detik. 1 Petaflop, adalah quadrillion kalkulasi per detik, atau 1.000 trilyun kalkulasi, perdetik. Roadrunner ditargetkan akan mencapai kecepatan puncak 1,7 Petaflops.


1 Teraflops = 1 trilyun kalkulasi per detik
1 Petaflops = 1.000 trilyun operasi per detik


Komputer Roadrunner ini lebih cepat 60.000 kali dibanding komputer pribadi tercepat saat ini. Harganya sekitar US$ 133 Juta. Satu fakta menarik, superkomputer ini memiliki struktur sel yang nyaris sama dengan mainan komputer anak-anak, Playstation 3. Roadrunner menggunakan prosesor Cell Broadband Engine™, atau Cell B.E. yang diciptakan IBM, Sony, dan Toshiba yang juga digunakan untuk Playstation, walaupun tentu saja dengan ”sedikit” modifikasi baru.

Inilah daftar dari komputer-komputer tercepat yang ada di dunia. Minimal yang bisa diketahui oleh publik. Banyak orang yakin, ada komputer-komputer rahasia yang dimiliki pemerintah Amerika yang keberadaannya tidak diketahui umum, dan kecepatannya bahkan jauh lebih cepat dari Roadrunner..

10 Komputer Tercepat di Dunia :

1. ROADRUNNER
BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz , Voltaire Infiniband. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Amerika.



2. JAGUAR
Cray XT5 QC 2.3 GHz. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Amerika.



3. PLEIADES
SGI Altix ICE 8200EX, Xeon QC 3.0/2.8 GHz. NASA/Ames Research Center, Amerika.
4. BLUEGENE/L
eServer Blue Gene Solution. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Amerika.

5. INTREPID
Blue Gene/P Solution. Argonne National Laboratory, Amerika.
6. RANGER
SunBlade x6420, Opteron QC 2.3 Ghz, Infiniband. Texas Advanced Computing Center, Amerika.
7. FRANKLIN
Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.3 GHz. NERSC/LBNL, Amerika.
8. JAGUAR
Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.1 GHz. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Amerika.
9. RED STORM
Sandia/ Cray Red Storm, XT3/4, 2.4/2.2 GHz dual/quad core. NNSA/Sandia National Laboratories, Amerika.
10. DAWNING 5000A
Dawning 5000A, QC Opteron 1.9 Ghz, Infiniband, Windows HPC 2008. Shanghai Supercomputer Center, China.




9 dari 10 komputer tercepat di dunia adalah milik Amerika. Komputer tercepat ke 10 di dunia, Dawning 5000, adalah komputer super milik China. Komputer ini berada di Shanghai Supercomputer Center (SSC), dikembangkan oleh lebih dari 500 ilmuwan China, dan biayanya hanya 1/4 Roadrunner, yaitu sekitar US$ 30 juta.

BAHAN AJAR KELAS VIII

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BAHAN AJAR KELAS VIII

BAHAN AJAR KELAS IX

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BAHAN AJAR KELAS IX TIK

ENGLISH STORY

Good Times

I went on a long walk today. I'm living in a new town, now. A college town. And I'm surrounded by 18-22 year olds all day, who wear ridiculous slippers and tight black pants that might or might not be considered leggings and who seem only to eat Doritos and Pop Tarts. I couldn't even eat like that when I was there age. Rather, I ate like that. And it wasn't good.During the walk, I saw a lot of things that reminded me of my college years. Guys in Jeep Wranglers, who reminded me of Ace, the best looking Indian man I've ever known, or even seen. He had a hard topped grey Wranger...or maybe it was black...and eyes like liquid midnight. I saw rocks painted with various slogans and mottos, which made me think of a spring night when I and my friends managed to paint a logo on a train trestle bridge, in the rain no less, running out of the road whenever a car drove by.I saw a guy walking home at about 9 a.m., clearly wearing last night's party clothes. He didn't smile back when I grinned at him. That made me think of the first week or two of school, when the fraternities would set up donut stands in front of their houses every morning to sell breakfast to the freshmen girls who would be walking back to their dorms after a hard game of Century Club and whatever sexual experience she was talked into afterward. I went to Target, which reminded me of long afternoons, shopping with friends, smelling every single scent of deoderant in the store, looking at all of the greeting cards and ending up buying laundry detergent or something similarly lame.And I sat on the other side of the door from a table full of girls, talking about people they knew, stories they'd heard, things they'd done together. Listening to them was like watching my friends and I at our table at dinner in Wright Quad, sitting there rehashing the day, talking about what party we'd be going to that evening, figuring out who was going to get beer, laughing about someone's boyfriend. Just being together.I hope they enjoy it while it lasts.

Fight, Fight, Fight!

Who is the saddest girl in the world? The girl who is up at 10:22 pm, trolling the internet to find out why Jon Gosselin of Jon and Kate + 8 was wearing an IU t-shirt on that horrible mess of a show last night.

If It's Yellow

There are some things I just don't understand. I don't understand why people cook with margarine and not butter. I don't understand people who are not motivated by food. I don't understand spending money to vote for television show winners. And I don't understand people who don't flush the toilet. I mean, what is that about? Seriously. I mean, you've clearly learned, at some point, how to use the facility. You know how it works. You know where everything goes. You know there is water involved. You clearly must be aware there is a handle on the back of the tank. So how is it that you don't actually touch the handle?Now, I'm not talking about scary bathrooms. I'm not talking about holes in the floor or places that clearly haven't been cleaned since the Ford Administration. Or toilets that are completely unable and unwilling to flush. Or when you're at the summer place and no one wants to call out the septic guy until absolutely necessary. I'm talking about people's homes! Or bathrooms in the workplace! Where people come to clean daily! And...you know, people go!I understand there's a learning curve. I understand that a five-year-old might be so excited by the episode of Dora that the flushing thing? It just plain skipped their mind. However, I've been coming across this more and more. At work, like, where adults are in the bathroom every five minutes. What. The. Hell? Have we come to the point where we need bathroom monitors? Perhaps bathroom facilities in Eastern Europe aren't just staffing old ladies in their bathrooms to give pensioners something to do with their days. They are really there to make sure we flush. Maybe we in the States can learn a lesson here, particularly in our advanced state of economic decomposition. Perhaps the day isn't too far out when we have to place ads for monitors."Wanted: Flusher."

The Ghost of St. Patrick's Days Past
Some good St. Patrick's Days past:The year I ended up at Flanagan's at closing time.Last year, when I sat at a bar all Sunday with Jeff and Kim and just watched the freaks wander by.The year I was in Naples for Spring Break and was under 21 and didn't have a fake, so it wasn't that exciting.The year I got stuck at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with my friends, Christie and Patti. Then we got trapped by the St. Patrick's Day Parade. The year I found out the guy I'd hooked up with was now hooking up with my roommate.At Friday's one time, when they let us add our own food coloring.The day I got dumped. I actually only remembered that just now.

A Poem

If I Didn't...

If I didn't...--work as your lab partner in Chemistry--go on a family vacation with you--get stuck in a carpool with you--share a hotel room with you and four others on Spring Break--drive with you and your sister to Florida--live on your dorm floor--drink all your beer on successive weekends--make you jello for your birthday--go through a haunted house with you--bitch about work with you over beer--try to horn in on your torts study group--make out with you during a drunken brawl and then pretend it never happened--spend an entire Saturday with you in another state then never see you again--go to your wedding because I'm friends with your mom--act as your bridesmaid--borrow your car to go buy beer--paint your living room--ask you to help me move--work in student government with you--have you as my human sexuality TA--go to your house for Thanksgiving--ride on the bus with you for junior high--steal your Legos--shower in your outdoor shower in an effort to reduce the hangover--go to breakfast with you after a great party--share an apartment with you--know your "french" name from high school--hang out with you at a Halloween party--go to the Knight's Inn with you and another 20 people after prom--drink your wine and eat your snacks--watch "Lost" with you--play golf with you--go to camp with youIf I didn't do any of those things? I'm ignoring your friend request on Facebook.

A Pinch and a Nod

Valentine's Day has always been kind of a rip-off, I think. I was always the girl sending the secret admirer flower to homerooms, never getting them. I hand-made the Valentines for our class card exchange but never received any. Handmade, that is. I got them...the Scooby-Doo ones, the Strawberry Shortcake ones. But not made with paste and doileys, like the ones I slaved over for hours. Of course, this might have just been a project thought up by my mother to keep me out of her hair for a week of afternoons in February. If so, she sure was smart. In college, I only got cards from my parents. I never got flowers. From anyone. Or grad school...I don't think. I may have gotten roses once or twice...but I cannot swear that they were for Valentine's Day. They may have been for Oops-I-slipped-and-my-penis-fell-into-someone-else Day. That holiday might not make it onto the calendar but it occurs with somewhat surprising frequency. Hard to schedule, that one is.I can't complain about them all. I've had some sweet, thoughtful Valentine's Days over the years. But I think, on the whole, the day is overrated. I'd rather get flowers on a random Tuesday when I'm feeling low than on the federally mandated Day One Must Show Their Love. And I do. So that's nice.This year, I'll be taking a chinchilla to a Veteran's Home to cheer up old men and women who served their country. I may get my ass pinched. And I'm okay with that.

A Story

She listened to him move around in the bathroom, wondering if he'd be okay.The dead man had been his friend for many years. They'd spent Christmas Eves together. Super Bowl parties together. They'd worked on cars and spent idle hours on screened in back porches, discussing the relative merits of the Indians bullpen. Growing up hadn't meant growing apart for the two men.And now, one was dead.He came out of the bathroom, looking tired. He'd spent long hours at the hospital with the dead man's wife and their family, taking care of things she didn't have the strength or inclination to handle. The extended illness had sapped the life from his friend, even though he'd still been able to laugh at himself, even up to the last. The dead man had been known in the hospital for the bad jokes he'd been famous for even back in elementary school. But the jokes couldn't erase the black circles under the eyes, or the slumping shoulders of the man. His own wife, putting her earrings in, hoped they'd be able to make it through the day quickly so she could get him back her, back home, and get him to bed and sleep."Which should I wear?" he asked, showing her two ties. One was floral. His teenage daughter had given it to him for Father's Day. The other, a bit more sedate, he'd received for Christmas from his mother. It was striped and looked a bit like something a British schoolboy would have to wear a number of years before graduating. Stripes of deep purple and kelly green, with smaller but more numerous ones of orange. It wasn't a funeral tie. But it wasn't gardenias, either."Stripes," she said, definitively, as she put on her shoes.* * *They arrived at the funeral home, shook the hands of all of the family members, said hello to people they hadn't seen since high school. They circulated throughout the room, postponing the inevitable trip up to the open casket.She worried he wouldn't be able to make it through the ceremony. She worried he'd break down. She knew she could take it if that happened but she didn't think he could.He looked at her. Then to the front of the room. He walked to the casket and knelt.She watched him. He seemed quiet, somber, in telling his friend goodbye.Then his shoulders started to shake."Oh God," she thought to herself.She walked up behind him slowly and gently put her hand on his shoulder. "Are you okay?" He shook under her hand. If anything, he shook harder."Honey," she said, kneeling down next to him. "Honey, it's okay."She knelt. And she looked at the dead man."Do you see?" her husband said, and she turned to look at him. She could hear the catch in his voice before she turned. And she realized he wasn't crying."Do you see?" He pointed at the dead man.He kept laughing, silently, snorting out of his nose in the way 12-year-old boys laugh in church, knowing they aren't supposed to. Tears leaked out of his eyes. Not the hot tears of sorrow. But little tears of mirth.She looked back into the casket. She saw repeating stripes of deep purple and kelly green, with more numerous stipes of orange. And she, too, began to laugh.They left in the middle of the service, after sitting in the back of the hall. People marveled that the friend who'd spent so much time at the hospital without so much as a tear shed was so prostrate with grief that he had to hold a handkerchief over his face the whole time, while his wife buried her face in his shoulder. They were so loud in their grief, according to the folks sitting next to them, they were actually snorting.She thought the dead man, the eternal prankster, would approve.A fictionalized version of a story I heard in school.

Employment

When you kick a dog, over and over, during the course of years? Don't be surprised when it doesn't jump up and lather you with puppy kisses when you decide, on rare occasions, to treat it with some kind of respect.

Ettiquette

So my friends sucked me onto Facebook.It was only supposed to be for my college friends. We are planning to get together this summer in Chicago. This is because the last time we were in Bloomington, two of the crowd managed to get arrested. We now have to move to new turf.So we started a Facebook group to talk about getting together at some point. But then people started finding me.People from high school. People from work. People I worked with overseas. These were people I liked, for the most part. I have no problem with them seeing what I am up to on any given day. But then I started getting weird ones. From the kid in elementary school who picked his nose on the bus. From the parent of a client. From the suspected murderer next door.Okay, that's not true. I mean, he is a suspected murderer, but he hasn't tried to "friend" me. Yet.I have a running discussion with a friend: when is it okay to "ignore" a friend request. When your ex sister-in-law friends you? When your ex friends you? When someone from high school you spent one unfortunate evening with friends you? When your boss friends you? And if you do "friend" them, then when is it okay to remove them? I mean, do you want your ex husband to know you are dating someone new? And do you want him to know who it is? If you are living in England, probably not so much, since husbands there tend to kill women who change their relationship status on their accounts.Who knew the internet age would usher in so many questions of ettiquette. Where is Emily Post's internet edition when you need it?

History

I watched the inauguration at a local watering hole. We went to a sports bar, my friend and I, knowing that they would have many televisions and they couldn't have Sportscenter on all of them. Not that there is anything wrong with SC. Nothing like SC on a cold winter morning to make you realize that March Madness isn't that far away. That just wasn't my purpose that day.We sat pretty close to the televisions. It is a buffet type place and we got up once while Feinstein was going on and on and on. The room in the place started to fill up. I couldn't tell if these were people who just happened to come on that day, looking for huge portions of pizza and pasta or if they knew there would be televisions tuned to CNN showing the crowds in Washington.Most people didn't talk. Some did. The girl behind me? Would. Not. Shut. Up. She was in her 20s and clearly an imbicile in the most Three Stooges fashion. She kept up a running commentary on just about everything going on in her life, none of it applicable to the moment at hand.There was another table of two older men. They sat and chatted like nothing was going on, like we were all sitting around watching soap operas and they had better things to do. From their grey suits and wingtips, I could tell who they voted for.Then the good stuff got going and I forgot about going up for a second plateful of carbs. The words were hard to hear, since the sound system in the place is geared more toward catching the roar of the crowd, rather than the nuances of great oratory. But I could see the crowd. And I could read lips, when the cameras stayed focused on our new president. And I know the scope, both of the National Mall and of history.I got teary, I won't deny it. Then I saw George H.W. Bush and his sartorial choices and I got over being weepy.At the end, we waited for our check, with most of the people in the place leaving. When the room emptied out a bit, I noticed an African-American couple sitting up by the wall. They'd clearly been there for the event and were just finishing their own lunch. And they had a half bottle of champagne on their table.A great many things made me smile that day. But that moment was the best.

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Bahan Ajar Kelas 7

SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK)

Sejarah Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK)
Manusia adalah makhluk sosial, artinya manusia hidup saling membutuhkan satu sama lain dan berkomunikasi merupakan kebutuhan yang utama. Untuk itu, manusia menciptakan sistem dan alat untuk berhubungan, mulai dari melukis kisah di dinding gua, isyarat menggunakan asap atau bunyi, penulisan hutuf, pengiriman surat, hingga munculnya telepon dan internet. Alat dan sistem komunikasi yang diciptakan manusia kemudian dikenal dengan nama Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK).

Masa Prasajarah (Sebelum 3000 SM)
Awalnya, teknologi informasi dikembangkan manusia sebagai sistem pengenalan bentuk-bentuk dengan menggambarkan informasi yang mereka dapatkan pada dinding-dinding gua, misalnya tentang berburu dan binatang buruannya. Pada masa ini, mereka mulai mengenal benda-benda di sekitar lingkungan mereka dan mewakilkan bentuknya pada lukidan di dinding gua tempat mereka tinggal. Kemampuan mereka dalam berbahasa hanya berkisar pada bentuk suara dengusan dan isyarat tangan sebagai bentuk awal komunikasi.
Perkembangan teknologi selanjutnya, yaitu dengan diciptakan dan digunakannya alat-alat yang menghasilkan bunyi dan isyarat, seperti gendang, terompet yang terbuat dari tanduk binatang, serta isyarat asap sebagai alat pemberi peringatan terhadap bahaya. Pada masa ini, teknologi informasi belum menjadi teknolgi massal seperti yang kita kenal sekarang dan hanya digunakan pada saat-saat khusus

Masa Sejarah (3000 SM s.d 1400 M)
Perkembangan tulisan semakin maju pada masa sejarah, mulai ditemukannya abjad fonetik, kertas sebagai media penulisan yang mudah dibawa, ingga cara pencentekan buku. Pada masa ini, informasi belum disebarkan secara massal. Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada masa sejarah pada tabel berikut.
3000 SM
Untuk pertama kalinya, ditemukan tulisan yang digunakan oleh bangsa Sumeria dengan menggunakan simbo-simbol yang dibentuk dari piktograf. Simbol ini mempunyai bentuk bunyi yang cara penyebutannya berbeda sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bangsa SUmeria telah mengenal bahasa dan tulisan pada masa itu. Selain itu, terdapat tulisan hieroglif yang dikembangkan oleh orang-orang Mesir.
1774 SM
Orang-orang Yunani memperkenalkan sistem penulisan dari kiri ke kanan dengan memakai abjad fonetik, yaitu huruf-huruf yang diciptakan berdasarkan bunyi ucapan, bukan lambang/gambar yang diciptakan sebgai wakil suatu ide atau benda.
1400 SM
Orang-orang di dataran Cina mulai menuliskan sejarah mereka secara teratur di atas kepinga-kepingan tulan binatang.
1270 SM
Ensiklopedia petam di dunia diterbitkan oleh orang-orang Suriah.
900 SM
Sistem pelayanan pos (jasa pengiriman) dan kantor pos pertama di dunia diciptakan oleh orang-orang Cina.
776 SM
Penggunaan merpati pos dipopulerkan oleh orang-orang Yunani.
530 SM
Perpustakaan pertama di dunia didirikan di Yunani.
500 SM
Alat tulis petama di dunia yang mudah dibawa ke mana-mana diciptakan di Mesir, yaitu dari papirus yang menyerupai kerta. Serat dipohon Papirus digunakan sebagai media penulisan yang lebih kuat dan fleksibel dibandingkan dengan lempengan tanah liat yang digunakan sebelumnya.
105 SM
Tsai Lun dari Cina menemukan ketas. Ketas yang ditemukan oleh bangsa Cina pada masa ini adalah cikal bakal ketas yang kita pertgunakan sekarang. Ketas dibuat dari serat bambu yang dihaluskan, disaring, dicuci, kemudian diratakan, dan dikeringkan.
14 M
Orang-orang Romawi meresmikan sistem pelayanan pos mereka.
37 M
Kaisar Tiberius dari Roma adalah orang oertama yang tercatat menggunakan cermin sebagai alat pengiriman kode atau pesan. Cara ini dinamakan heliograf.
100 M
Diciptakanya buku-buku yang memiliki bentuk mirip dengan buku zaman sekarang.
305 M
Alat cetak pertama diciptakan di Cina yang terdiri atas lempengan kayu berukir yang kemudian dipakai untuk menerakan isinya ke atas kertas. Sistem pencetakan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan blok kayu yang ditorehkan dan dilumuri oleh tinta atau yang kita kenal sekarang dengan sistem Csp.
1049 M
Pi Sheng dari China menciptakan alat cetak yang hurufnya dapat dipindah-pindahkan dengan memakai lempengan tanah liat bakar.
Masa Modern (1400 M – Sekarang)
Pada masa ini terjadi kemajuan yang berarti pada perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Untuk itu, pelajari tabel berikut.
1450 M
Koran pertama di dunia mulai beredar di Eropa, tetapi belum diterbitkan secara harian.
1455 M
Johann Gutenberg mengembangkan mesin cetak yang menggunakan plat huruf terbuat dari besi dalam bingkai yang terbuat dari kayu dan dapat diganti-ganti.
1560 M
Kamera foto pertam diciptakan. Kamera ini biasa disebut Camera Obscura, artinya pembuat foto yang kabur.
1650 M
Surat kabar harian pertama mulai beredar di Leipzig, Jerman
1714 M
Henry Mill dari Inggris menciptakan mesin ketik. Ia memperoleh hak paten dan diakui sebagai pencipta mesin ketik modern.
1793 M
Claude Chappe menciptakan jalur telegraf optik jarak jauh.
1821 M
Mikrofon (pengeras suara) pertama diciptakan oleh Charles Wheatstone.
1830 M
Augusta Lady Byron menulis program komputer yang pertam bekerjasama dengan Charles Babbage menggunakan ide mesin Analytical. Peralatan ini didesain utntuk mampu memasukkan data, mengolah data, dan menghasilak bentuk keluaran dalam sebauah kartu. Mesin ini dikenal sebagai bentuk komputer digital yang pertama walaupun cara kerjanya lebih bersifat mekanis daripada bersifat digital.
1831 M
Joseph Henry menciptakan jalur telegraf listrik pertama di dunia.
1837 M
Samuel Morse mengembangkan telegraf dan kode Morse bersama Sir William Cook dan Sir Charles Wheatstone yang dikirim secara elektronik pada jarak jauh menggunakan kabel informasi mampu dikirim dan diterima pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan. Penemuan ini memunginkan informasi dapat disebarluaskan tanpa dirintangi oleh jarak dan waktu.
1843 M
Samuel Morse menciptakan jalur telgraf listrik jarak jauh, sementara Alrcander Bain menciptakan mesin faksimili pertama.
1861 M
Coleman Sellers dari Amerika menciptakan alat bernama kinematoskop yang berfungsi sebagai mesi pemutarslide pertama di dunia. Gambar bertgerak yang diproyeksikan pada layar merupakan cikal bakal film sekarang.
1876 M
Thomas Edison menemukan mesin fotokopi pertamayang biasanya disebut mimeograf. Pada tahun yang sama, Alexsander Graham Bell mencitakan telepon pertama di dunia. Sedangkan, Melvyl Dewey menciptakan sistem pencatatan katalog buku untuk pertpustakaan yang digunakan di seluruh dunia bernama Sistem Desimal Dewey.
1887 M
Emile Berliner menciptakan piringan hitam pertama di dunia yang dinamakan gramafon.
1888 M
George Eastman menciptakan gulungan film untuk memotret yang dinakan Kodak
1899 m
Almon Strowger menciptakan telepon yang dapat langsung menghubungi nomor penerima, tidak harus melalui operator.
1899 m
Valdemar Poulsen menciptakan pita rekam magnetik pertama. Pengeras suara (loud speaker) pertama juga diciptakan pada tahun yang sama.
1902 m
Guglielmo Marconi memamerkan penyiaran sinyal radio pertama yang dapat menyeberangi Samudra Atlantik.
1910 m
Thomas Edison menciptakan film bersuara pertama di dunia.
1914 m
Panggilan telepon antar benua yang pertama dapat dilakukan.
1916 m
Pesawat eadio pertama yang memiliki alat pemindah saluran laris terjual di Amerika, bersamaan dengan munculnya beragam stasiun radio swasta pertama di dunia.
1923 m
Pesawat televisi pertama di dunia diciptakan oleh Vladimir Kosma Xworykin.
1925 m
Siaran televisi pertama di dunia dilakukan oleh John Logie Baird di Amerika
1927 m
Film bersuara diputar untuk umum pertama kalinya. Judul filmnya “The Jazz Singer” produksi Warner Brothers Sutdios di Amerika
1930 m
Siaran televisi untuk umum yang pertama dilakukan di Amerika. Sejak tahun ini, televisi menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari.
1934 m
Tape Recorder pertama diciptakan oleh Joseph Begun.
1936 m
Konrad Zuse menciptakan komputer pertama di dunia yang diberi nama Z1
1940 m
Perkembangan TIK pada masa Perang Dunia II difokuskan pada kepentingan pengiriman dan penerimaan dolumen rahasia militer yang disimpan dalam bentuk magnetic tape
1944 m
Pemakaian komputer mulai dipopulerkan di kalangan terbatas, yakni di lingkungan Pemerintahan Amerika. Tahun ini biasanya dianggap sebagai tahun kelahiran Era Informasi
1945 m
Vannevar Bush mengembangkan sistem pengkodean menggunakan hypertext
1946 m
ENIAC I, komputer digital pertam adi dunia dikembangkan.
1948 m
Para peneliti di Bell Telephone mengembangkan transistor sehingga ukuran alat-alat elektronik menjadi jauh lebih kecil.
1949 m
Amerika memulai jaringan (network) televisi dengan cara menyiarkan acara dari stasiun televisi utama ke seluruh negeri melalui stasiun-stasiun kecil yang menginduk kepadanya. Stasiun induk pertama adalah CBS.
1951 m
Untuk pertama kalinya, komputer dijual kepada perorangan dan lembaga di luar pemerintah. Peristiwa ini terjadi di Amerika.
1957 m
Jean Hoerni mengembangkan transistor planar sehingga memungkinkan pengembangan jutaan bahkan milyaran transistor yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah keping kecil kristal silikon. Sementara itu, Uni Soviet (sekarang sebut Rusia) menluncurkan sputnik sebaga satelit bumi buatan pertama yang bertugas sebagai mata-mata. Sebagai balasannya, Amerika membentuk Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) di bawah kewenangan Departemen Pertahanan Amerika untuk mengembangkan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Informasi dalam bidang militer.
1958 m
Chester Carlson menciptakan mesi fotokopi modern pertama di dunia dengan merk XEROX.
1962 m
Rand Paul Barand dari perusahan RAND ditugaskan untuk mengembangkan suatu sistem jaringan desentralisasi yang mampu mengendalikan sistem pemboman dan peluncuran puluru kendali dalam perang nuklir.
1963 m
Amerika menciptakan sistem kode pos.
1966 m
Pabrik Xerox menciptakan mesin faksimili modern pertam dan menjualnyan untuk umum.
1969 m
Sistem jaringan yang pertama dibentuk dengan menghubungkan 4 nodes (titik), antara University of California, SRI (Stanford), University California of Santa Barbara, dan University of Utah dengan kecepatan 50 Kbps.
1969 m
Tahun ini merupakan tahun kelahiran internet. Pelopornya adalah sebuah jaringan antar komputer di Amerika yang diberi nama ARPANET. Tetapi, aksesnya sangat terbatas dan pemerintah AMerika melarang rakyat umum menggunakannya.
1971 m
Disket pertama di dunia diciptakan.
1972 m
Stasiun televisi HBO di Amerika menciptakan sistem televisi berlangganan (TV kabel). Sementara itu, Ray Tomlison menciptakan program E-mail yang pertama.
1973 m
Istilan internet diperkenalkan dalam sebuah paper mengenai TCP/IP. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengembangan sebuah protokol jaringan yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama TCP/IP (Transmition Control Ptotokol/Internet Protokol) yang dikembangkan oleh grup dari DARPA.
1976 m
Komputer untuk perorangan dengan harga yang relatif terjangkau (home computer atau personal computer) diciptakan dan diberi nama “Apple I”.
1979 m
Jepang menciptakan jaringan telepon tanpa kabel (selular) pertama di dunia.
1980 m
Perusahaan alat elektronik Jepang, Sony, menciptakan walkman pertmaa di dunia.
1981 m
National Science Foundation mengembangkan jaringan komputer utama yang disebut backbone CSNET dengan kapasitas 56 Kbps untuk setiap institusi dalam pemerintahan. Pada tahun yang sama, perusahan komputer IBM menjual komputer perorangan dan mempopulerkan istilah personal computer (PC). Tahun ini juga, semua komputer mulai dilengkapi dengan pengarah kursor (mouse). Dan pada tahun ini, penjualan komputer jinjing (laptop) mulai dilakukan di Amerika.
1983 m
Amerika baru memulai pembuatan jaringan telepon nirkabel (selular/HP).
1985 m
Cakram penyimpan data (Compact Disk/CD) yang dapat dibaca di komputer mulai di jual.
1991 m
Sistem bisnis dalam bidang IT pertama kali terjadi ketika CERN memungut bayaran dari para anggotanya untuk menanggulangi biaya operasionalnya.
1992 m
Pembentukan komunitas Internet dan diperkenalkannya istilah word wide web (www) oleh CERN.
1994 m
Pemerintah Amerika menghentikan kendalinya atas internet. Internet menjadi wilayah yang bebas dan perusahaan penyedia layanan internet untuk umum mulai lahir tahun ini, misalnya Yahoo! Internet berkembang dengan sangat cepat, mulai merambah segala segi kehidupan manusia, dan menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari manusia. Di Indonesia, tahun ini warung-warung internet (warnet) ulai bermunculan di Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Yogjakarta.
1995 m
Perusahaan swasta mulai diperkenalkan menjadi provider dengan membeli jaringan di backbone.
1999 m
Penyedia jasa pencarian informasi secara gratis yang terbesar di dunia, yaitu google.com mulai beroperasi dari Amerika dan menjangkau semua negara di dunia. Perusahaan telepon Indonesia, Telkom, mulai memasarkan jaringan internet bernama Telkomnet Instan.
Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sampai saat ini terus berkembang pesat seiring dengan penemuan dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, mulai dari sistem komunikasi samapai alat komunikasi yang searah maupun dua arah (interaktif).